Title I, Part A provides financial assistance to local educational agencies (LEAs) and schools with high numbers or high percentages of children from low-income families to help ensure that all children meet challenging state academic standards. Federal funds are currently allocated through four statutory formulas that are based primarily on census poverty estimates and the cost of education in each state.

Title I, Part C Funds support high quality education programs for migratory children and help ensure that migratory children who move among the states are not penalized in any manner by disparities among states in curriculum, graduation requirements, or state academic content and student academic achievement standards. Funds also ensure that migratory children not only are provided with appropriate education services (including supportive services) that address their special needs but also that such children receive full and appropriate opportunities to meet the same challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards that all children are expected to meet. Federal funds are allocated by formula to SEAs, based on each state's per pupil expenditure for education and counts of eligible migratory children, age 3 through 21, residing within the state.

The Part D, Subpart 1, State Agency Neglected and Delinquent (N and D) program provides formula grants to SEAs for supplementary education services to help provide education continuity for children and youths in state-run institutions for juveniles and in adult correctional institutions so that these youths can make successful transitions to school or employment once they are released. Funds are allocated by formula to SEAs, which make subgrants to the state agencies responsible for educating neglected or delinquent children and youths. To be eligible for state N and D funds, juvenile institutions must provide 20 hours a week of instruction from nonfederal funds; adult correctional institutions must provide 15 hours. The Subpart 2 Local Education Agency Program requires each SEA to reserve from its Title I, Part A, allocation, funds generated by the number of children in locally operated institutions for delinquent youths. Funds are awarded to LEAs with high proportions of youths in local correctional facilities to support dropout prevention programs for at-risk youths.

The Part D, Subpart 1, State Agency Neglected and Delinquent (N and D) program provides formula grants to SEAs for supplementary education services to help provide education continuity for children and youths in state-run institutions for juveniles and in adult correctional institutions so that these youths can make successful transitions to school or employment once they are released. Funds are allocated by formula to SEAs, which make subgrants to the state agencies responsible for educating neglected or delinquent children and youths. To be eligible for state N and D funds, juvenile institutions must provide 20 hours a week of instruction from nonfederal funds; adult correctional institutions must provide 15 hours. The Subpart 2 Local Education Agency Program requires each SEA to reserve from its Title I, Part A, allocation, funds generated by the number of children in locally operated institutions for delinquent youths. Funds are awarded to LEAs with high proportions of youths in local correctional facilities to support dropout prevention programs for at-risk youths.

This program is designed to improve the education of limited English proficient (LEP) children and youths by helping them learn English and meet challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards. The program provides enhanced instructional opportunities for immigrant children and youths. Funds are distributed to states based on a formula that takes into account the number of immigrant and LEP students in each state.

The McKinney-Vento program is designed to address the problems that homeless children and youth have faced in enrolling, attending, and succeeding in school. Under this program, State educational agencies (SEAs) must ensure that each homeless child and youth has equal access to the same free, appropriate public education, including a public preschool education, as other children and youth. Homeless children and youth should have access to the educational and other services that they need to enable them to meet the same challenging State student academic achievement standards to which all students are held. In addition, homeless students may not be separated from the mainstream school environment. States and districts are required to review and undertake steps to revise laws, regulations, practices, or policies that may act as a barrier to the enrollment, attendance, or success in school of homeless children and youth.